Benchmarks

Requesting 933 real web pages over the network on a AWS EC2 m5.large instance.
See benchmark details.

| Metric | Lightpanda | Headless Chrome | Difference |
| :---- | :---- | :---- | :---- |
| Memory (peak, 100 pages) | 123MB | 2GB | ~16 less |
| Execution time (100 pages) | 5s | 46s | ~9x faster |

Quick start

Install

Package Managers

Latest nightly from Homebrew:

brew install lightpanda-io/browser/lightpanda

Latest nightly from Arch Linux User Repository:

yay -S lightpanda-nightly-bin

Download from the nightly builds

You can download the last binary from the [nightly
builds](https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/tag/nightly) for
Linux and MacOS for both x86_64 and aarch64.

For Linux

curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-x86_64-linux && 
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

Verify the binary before running anything:

./lightpanda version

Linux aarch64 is also available

> Note: The Linux release binaries are linked against glibc. On musl-based distros (Alpine, etc.) the binary fails with cannot execute: required file not found because the glibc dynamic linker is missing. Use a glibc-based base image (e.g., FROM debian:bookworm-slim or FROM ubuntu:24.04) or build from sources.

For MacOS

curl -L -o lightpanda https://github.com/lightpanda-io/browser/releases/download/nightly/lightpanda-aarch64-macos && 
chmod a+x ./lightpanda

MacOS x86_64 is also available

For Windows + WSL2

Lightpanda has no native Windows binary. Install it inside WSL following the Linux steps above.

WSL not installed? Run wsl --install from an administrator shell, restart, then open wsl.
See Microsoft's WSL install guide for details.

Your automation client (Puppeteer, Playwright, etc.) can run either inside WSL or on the Windows host. WSL forwards localhost:9222 automatically.

Install from Docker

Lightpanda provides [official Docker
images](https://hub.docker.com/r/lightpanda/browser) for both Linux amd64 and
arm64 architectures.
The following command fetches the Docker image and starts a new container exposing Lightpanda's CDP server on port 9222.

docker run -d --name lightpanda -p 127.0.0.1:9222:9222 lightpanda/browser:nightly

Dump a URL

./lightpanda fetch --obey-robots --dump html --log-format pretty  --log-level info https://demo-browser.lightpanda.io/campfire-commerce/

You can use --dump markdown to convert directly into markdown.
--wait-until, --wait-ms, --wait-selector and --wait-script are
available to adjust waiting time before dump.

Start a CDP server

./lightpanda serve --obey-robots --log-format pretty  --log-level info --host 127.0.0.1 --port 9222

import puppeteer from 'puppeteer-core';

// use browserWSEndpoint to pass the Lightpanda's CDP server address.
const browser = await puppeteer.connect({
  browserWSEndpoint: "ws://127.0.0.1:9222",
});

// The rest of your script remains the same.
const context = await browser.createBrowserContext();
const frame = await context.newPage();

// Dump all the links from the frame.
await frame.goto('https://demo-browser.lightpanda.io/amiibo/', {waitUntil: "networkidle0"});

const links = await frame.evaluate(() => {
  return Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('a')).map(row => {
    return row.getAttribute('href');
  });
});

console.log(links);

await frame.close();
await context.close();
await browser.disconnect();

Agent mode

lightpanda agent lets you drive the browser with a native agent. Describe what
you want in plain English or with slash commands, and it controls the browser:
navigating pages, clicking through flows, filling forms, extracting structured
data. Think of it as a robot you're directing to use the web, more than a
chatbot you're having a conversation with.

Because the agent runs inside the same process as the browser, every tool call
is a direct operation and you retain Lightpanda's speed and memory advantage.

The output of an agent session is a
PandaScript: vanilla JavaScript
with a small set of native browser primitives built directly into Lightpanda.
Run /save to export one from your current session, then replay it with
lightpanda agent .js. Scripts are deterministic and token-free, so
you can prototype with the LLM and ship the output to production without a
model at runtime.

It supports Anthropic, OpenAI, Gemini, Google Vertex AI, Hugging Face, and
local models via Ollama. You can also run without an LLM using --no-llm,
which drops you into the REPL. See the
agent documentation for the full
reference.

./lightpanda agent                                    # auto-detects API key from env
./lightpanda agent --task "top story on news.ycombinator.com?"
./lightpanda agent --no-llm                           # basic REPL, no LLM
./lightpanda agent session.js                         # run a recorded script
./lightpanda agent --provider gemini --task "..."     # force a specific provider
VERTEX_API_KEY=... ./lightpanda agent --provider vertex             # Vertex AI, express mode
GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=my-proj ./lightpanda agent --provider vertex   # Vertex AI, token via gcloud auth

Native MCP and skill

The MCP server communicates via MCP JSON-RPC 2.0 over stdio.

Add to your MCP configuration:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "lightpanda": {
      "command": "/path/to/lightpanda",
      "args": ["mcp"]
    }
  }
}

HTTP transport and independent sessions

For serving several agents from one process, start the MCP server over HTTP
instead of stdio by giving it a port (add --host x.x.x.x to specify the
interface to listen on):

lightpanda mcp --port 9223

Clients POST JSON-RPC to http://host:9223/mcp. Each connection is routed to
its own browsing session — its own page, cookies and memory — so agents no
longer clobber each other's page:

• A client that initializes without an Mcp-Session-Id header is assigned a

fresh session; the id comes back in the response's Mcp-Session-Id header.
Send it on subsequent requests to stay on that session (isolation).

• Two agents that send the same Mcp-Session-Id share one browsing context

(sharing — e.g. a workflow where several agents work the same page).

• The session_new, session_list and session_close tools manage sessions

explicitly. Sending DELETE /mcp with an Mcp-Session-Id closes that session.

Read full documentation

A skill is available in lightpanda-io/agent-skill.

Telemetry

By default, Lightpanda collects and sends usage telemetry. This can be disabled by setting an environment variable LIGHTPANDA_DISABLE_TELEMETRY=true. You can read Lightpanda's privacy policy at: https://lightpanda.io/privacy-policy.

Core dumps

Set LIGHTPANDA_DISABLE_CORE_DUMP (to any value) to suppress crash core dumps by zeroing the soft RLIMIT_CORE at startup.

Status

Lightpanda is in Beta and currently a work in progress. Stability and coverage are improving and many websites now work.
You may still encounter errors or crashes. Please open an issue with specifics if so.

Here are the key features we have implemented:

• [ ] CORS #2015
• [x] HTTP loader (Libcurl)
• [x] HTML parser (html5ever)
• [x] DOM tree
• [x] Javascript support (v8)
• [x] DOM APIs
• [x] Ajax
• [x] XHR API
• [x] Fetch API
• [x] DOM dump
• [x] CDP/websockets server
• [x] Click
• [x] Input form
• [x] Cookies
• [x] Custom HTTP headers
• [x] Proxy support
• [x] Network interception
• [x] Respect robots.txt with option --obey-robots

NOTE: There are hundreds of Web APIs. Developing a browser (even just for headless mode) is a huge task. Coverage will increase over time.

Build from sources

Prerequisites

Lightpanda is written with Zig 0.15.2. You have to
install it with the right version in order to build the project.

Lightpanda also depends on
v8,
Libcurl and html5ever.

To be able to build the v8 engine, you have to install some libs:

For Debian/Ubuntu based Linux:

sudo apt install xz-utils ca-certificates 
    pkg-config libglib2.0-dev 
    clang make curl git

For systems with Nix, you can use the devShell:

nix develop

For MacOS, you need cmake and Rust.

brew install cmake

Build and run

You can build the entire browser with make build or make build-dev for debug
env.

But you can directly use the zig command: zig build run.

Embed v8 snapshot

Lighpanda uses v8 snapshot. By default, it is created on startup but you can
embed it by using the following commands:

Generate the snapshot.

zig build snapshot_creator -- src/snapshot.bin

Build using the snapshot binary.

zig build -Dsnapshot_path=../../snapshot.bin

See #1279 for more details.

Test

Unit Tests

You can test Lightpanda by running make test.

make test                                       # Run all tests
make test F="server"                            # Filter by substring
TEST_FILTER="WebApi: #selector_all" make test   # Filter main + subtest (separator: #)
TEST_VERBOSE=true make test
TEST_FAIL_FIRST=true make test
METRICS=true make test                          # Capture allocation/duration metrics as JSON

End to end tests

To run end to end tests, you need to clone the [demo
repository](https://github.com/lightpanda-io/demo) into ../demo dir.

You have to install the [demo's node
requirements](https://github.com/lightpanda-io/demo?tab=readme-ov-file#dependencies-1)

You also need to install Go > v1.24.

make end2end

Web Platform Tests

Lightpanda is tested against the standardized [Web Platform
Tests](https://web-platform-tests.org/).

We use a fork including a custom
<code class="ra0-md-code">testharnessreport.js</code>.

For reference, you can easily execute a WPT test case with your browser via
wpt.live.

Configure WPT HTTP server

To run the test, you must clone the repository, configure the custom hosts and generate the
MANIFEST.json file.

Clone the repository with the fork branch.

git clone -b fork --depth=1 git@github.com:lightpanda-io/wpt.git

Enter into the wpt/ dir.

Install custom domains in your /etc/hosts

./wpt make-hosts-file | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts

Generate MANIFEST.json

./wpt manifest

Run WPT test suite

An external Go runner is provided by
github.com/lightpanda-io/demo/
repository, located into wptrunner/ dir.
You need to clone the project first.

First start the WPT's HTTP server from your wpt/ clone dir.

./wpt serve

Run a Lightpanda browser

zig build run -- --insecure-disable-tls-host-verification

Then you can start the wptrunner from the demo's clone dir:

cd wptrunner && go run .

Or one specific test:

cd wptrunner && go run . Node-childNodes.html

wptrunner command accepts --summary and --json options modifying output.
Also --concurrency define the concurrency limit.

:warning: Running the whole test suite will take a long time. In this case,
it's useful to build in releaseFast mode to make tests faster.

zig build -Doptimize=ReleaseFast run

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for guidelines.
You must sign our CLA during the pull request process.

• Discord

Why Lightpanda?

Javascript execution is mandatory for the modern web

Simple HTTP requests used to be enough for web automation. That's no longer the case. Javascript now drives most of the web:

• Ajax, Single Page Apps, infinite loading, instant search
• JS frameworks: React, Vue, Angular, and others

Chrome is not the right tool

Running a full desktop browser on a server works, but it does not scale well. Chrome at hundreds or thousands of instances is expensive:

• Heavy on RAM and CPU
• Hard to package, deploy, and maintain at scale
• Many features are not necessary in headless made

Lightpanda is built for performance

Supporting Javascript with real performance meant building from scratch rather than forking Chromium:

• Not based on Chromium, Blink, or WebKit
• Written in Zig, a low-level language with explicit memory control
• No graphical rendering engine