webpack – webpack
一款用于 JavaScript 及其相关生态的打包工具。可将众多模块打包成少量合并后的资源。借助代码分割，可按需加载应用的部分内容。通过“加载器”，模块支持 CommonJs、AMD、ES6 模块、CSS、图片、JSON、Coffeescript、LESS……以及自定义类型。
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README 详细介绍
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<a href="https://github.com/webpack/webpack">
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<h1>webpack</h1>
<p>
Webpack is a module bundler. Its main purpose is to bundle JavaScript files for usage in a browser, yet it is also capable of transforming, bundling, or packaging just about any resource or asset.
</p>
</div>
Table of Contents
- Install
- Introduction
- Concepts
- Contributing
- Support
- Current project members
- TSC (Technical Steering Committee)
- Core Collaborators
- Sponsoring
- Premium Partners
- Gold Sponsors
- Silver Sponsors
- Bronze Sponsors
- Backers
- Special Thanks
Install
Install with npm:
npm install --save-dev webpackInstall with yarn:
yarn add webpack --devIntroduction
Webpack is a bundler for modules. The main purpose is to bundle JavaScript
files for usage in a browser, yet it is also capable of transforming, bundling,
or packaging just about any resource or asset.
TL;DR*
- Bundles ES Modules, CommonJS, and AMD modules (even combined).
- Can create a single bundle or multiple chunks that are asynchronously loaded at runtime (to reduce initial loading time).
- Dependencies are resolved during compilation, reducing the runtime size.
- Loaders can preprocess files while compiling, e.g. TypeScript to JavaScript, Handlebars strings to compiled functions, images to Base64, etc.
- Highly modular plugin system to do whatever else your application requires.
Learn about webpack through videos!
Get Started
Check out webpack's quick Get Started* guide and the other guides.
Browser Compatibility
Webpack supports all browsers that are ES5-compliant (IE8 and below are not supported).
Webpack also needs Promise for import() and require.ensure(). If you want to support older browsers, you will need to load a polyfill before using these expressions.
Concepts
Plugins
Webpack has a [rich plugin
interface](https://webpack.js.org/plugins/). Most of the features
within webpack itself use this plugin interface. This makes webpack very
flexible*.
| Name | Status | Install Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| [mini-css-extract-plugin][mini-css] | ![mini-css-npm] | ![mini-css-size] | Extracts CSS into separate files. It creates a CSS file per JS file which contains CSS. |
| [compression-webpack-plugin][compression] | ![compression-npm] | ![compression-size] | Prepares compressed versions of assets to serve them with Content-Encoding |
| [html-bundler-webpack-plugin][bundler] | ![bundler-npm] | ![bundler-size] | Renders a template (EJS, Handlebars, Pug) with referenced source asset files into HTML. |
| [html-webpack-plugin][html-plugin] | ![html-plugin-npm] | ![html-plugin-size] | Simplifies creation of HTML files (index.html) to serve your bundles |
| [pug-plugin][pug-plugin] | ![pug-plugin-npm] | ![pug-plugin-size] | Renders Pug files to HTML, extracts JS and CSS from sources specified directly in Pug. |
[common-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/webpack.svg
[mini-css]: https://github.com/webpack-contrib/mini-css-extract-plugin
[mini-css-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/mini-css-extract-plugin.svg
[mini-css-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=mini-css-extract-plugin
[component]: https://github.com/webpack-contrib/component-webpack-plugin
[component-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/component-webpack-plugin.svg
[component-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=component-webpack-plugin
[compression]: https://github.com/webpack-contrib/compression-webpack-plugin
[compression-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/compression-webpack-plugin.svg
[compression-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=compression-webpack-plugin
[bundler]: https://github.com/webdiscus/html-bundler-webpack-plugin
[bundler-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/html-bundler-webpack-plugin.svg
[bundler-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=html-bundler-webpack-plugin
[html-plugin]: https://github.com/jantimon/html-webpack-plugin
[html-plugin-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/html-webpack-plugin.svg
[html-plugin-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=html-webpack-plugin
[pug-plugin]: https://github.com/webdiscus/pug-plugin
[pug-plugin-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/pug-plugin.svg
[pug-plugin-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=pug-plugin
Loaders
Webpack enables the use of loaders to preprocess files. This allows you to bundle
any static resource* way beyond JavaScript. You can easily [write your own
loaders](https://webpack.js.org/api/loaders/) using Node.js.
Loaders are activated by using loadername! prefixes in require() statements,
or are automatically applied via regex from your webpack configuration.
JSON
| Name | Status | Install Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| <a href="https://github.com/awnist/cson-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/coffeescript/coffeescript-original.svg"></a> | ![cson-npm] | ![cson-size] | Loads and transpiles a CSON file |
[cson-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/cson-loader.svg
[cson-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=cson-loader
Transpiling
| Name | Status | Install Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| <a href="https://github.com/babel/babel-loader"><img width="48" height="48" title="babel-loader" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/babel/babel-original.svg"></a> | ![babel-npm] | ![babel-size] | Loads ES2015+ code and transpiles to ES5 using <a href="https://github.com/babel/babel">Babel</a> |
| <a href="https://github.com/TypeStrong/ts-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/TypeScript-Website/f407e1ae19e5e990d9901ac8064a32a8cc60edf0/packages/typescriptlang-org/static/branding/ts-logo-128.svg"></a> | ![type-npm] | ![type-size] | Loads TypeScript like JavaScript |
| <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/coffee-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/coffeescript/coffeescript-original.svg"></a> | ![coffee-npm] | ![coffee-size] | Loads CoffeeScript like JavaScript |
[babel-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/babel-loader.svg
[babel-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=babel-loader
[coffee-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/coffee-loader.svg
[coffee-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=coffee-loader
[type-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/ts-loader.svg
[type-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=ts-loader
Templating
| Name | Status | Install Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/html-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/html5/html5-original.svg"></a> | ![html-npm] | ![html-size] | Exports HTML as string, requires references to static resources |
| <a href="https://github.com/webdiscus/pug-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/pugjs/pug-logo/master/SVG/pug-final-logo-_-colour-128.svg"></a> | ![pug-npm] | ![pug-size] | Compiles Pug to a function or HTML string, useful for use with Vue, React, Angular |
| <a href="https://github.com/peerigon/markdown-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/markdown/markdown-original.svg"></a> | ![md-npm] | ![md-size] | Compiles Markdown to HTML |
| <a href="https://github.com/posthtml/posthtml-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://posthtml.github.io/posthtml/logo.svg"></a> | ![posthtml-npm] | ![posthtml-size] | Loads and transforms a HTML file using PostHTML |
| <a href="https://github.com/pcardune/handlebars-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/handlebars/handlebars-original.svg"></a> | ![hbs-npm] | ![hbs-size] | Compiles Handlebars to HTML |
[html-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/html-loader.svg
[html-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=html-loader
[pug-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/@webdiscus/pug-loader.svg
[pug-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=@webdiscus/pug-loader
[jade-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/jade-loader.svg
[jade-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=jade-loader
[md-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/markdown-loader.svg
[md-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=markdown-loader
[posthtml-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/posthtml-loader.svg
[posthtml-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=posthtml-loader
[hbs-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/handlebars-loader.svg
[hbs-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=handlebars-loader
Styling
| Name | Status | Install Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
<a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/style-loader"><style></a> |
![style-npm] | ![style-size] | Add exports of a module as style to DOM |
| <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/css-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/css3/css3-original.svg"></a> | ![css-npm] | ![css-size] | Loads CSS file with resolved imports and returns CSS code |
| <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/less-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/less/less-plain-wordmark.svg"></a> | ![less-npm] | ![less-size] | Loads and compiles a LESS file |
| <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/sass-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/sass/sass-original.svg"></a> | ![sass-npm] | ![sass-size] | Loads and compiles a Sass/SCSS file |
| <a href="https://github.com/shama/stylus-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/stylus/stylus-original.svg"></a> | ![stylus-npm] | ![stylus-size] | Loads and compiles a Stylus file |
| <a href="https://github.com/postcss/postcss-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/postcss/postcss-original.svg"></a> | ![postcss-npm] | ![postcss-size] | Loads and transforms a CSS/SSS file using PostCSS |
[style-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/style-loader.svg
[style-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=style-loader
[css-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/css-loader.svg
[css-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=css-loader
[less-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/less-loader.svg
[less-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=less-loader
[sass-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/sass-loader.svg
[sass-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=sass-loader
[stylus-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/stylus-loader.svg
[stylus-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=stylus-loader
[postcss-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/postcss-loader.svg
[postcss-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=postcss-loader
Frameworks
| Name | Status | Install Size | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| <a href="https://github.com/vuejs/vue-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/vuejs/vuejs-original.svg"></a> | ![vue-npm] | ![vue-size] | Loads and compiles Vue Components |
| <a href="https://github.com/webpack-contrib/polymer-webpack-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Polymer/polymer-project.org/master/app/images/logos/p-logo.svg"></a> | ![polymer-npm] | ![polymer-size] | Process HTML & CSS with preprocessor of choice and require() Web Components like first-class modules |
| <a href="https://github.com/TheLarkInn/angular2-template-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/angularjs/angularjs-original.svg"></a> | ![angular-npm] | ![angular-size] | Loads and compiles Angular 2 Components |
| <a href="https://github.com/riot/webpack-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://riot.js.org/img/logo/riot-logo.svg"></a> | ![riot-npm] | ![riot-size] | Riot official webpack loader |
| <a href="https://github.com/sveltejs/svelte-loader"><img width="48" height="48" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/devicons/devicon/icons/svelte/svelte-original.svg"></a> | ![svelte-npm] | ![svelte-size] | Official Svelte loader |
[vue-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/vue-loader.svg
[vue-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=vue-loader
[polymer-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/polymer-webpack-loader.svg
[polymer-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=polymer-webpack-loader
[angular-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/angular2-template-loader.svg
[angular-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=angular2-template-loader
[riot-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/riot-tag-loader.svg
[riot-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=riot-tag-loader
[svelte-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/svelte-loader.svg
[svelte-size]: https://packagephobia.com/badge?p=svelte-loader
Performance
Webpack uses async I/O and has multiple caching levels. This makes webpack fast
and incredibly fast* on incremental compilations.
Module Formats
Webpack supports ES2015+, CommonJS and AMD modules out of the box*. It performs clever static
analysis on the AST of your code. It even has an evaluation engine to evaluate
simple expressions. This allows you to support most existing libraries* out of the box.
Code Splitting
Webpack allows you to split your codebase into multiple chunks. Chunks are
loaded asynchronously at runtime. This reduces the initial loading time.
Optimizations
Webpack can do many optimizations to **reduce the output size of your
JavaScript** by deduplicating frequently used modules, minifying, and giving
you full control of what is loaded initially and what is loaded at runtime
through code splitting. It can also make your code chunks **cache
friendly** by using hashes.
Developer Tools
If you're working on webpack itself, or building advanced plugins or integrations, the tools below can help you explore internal mechanics, debug plugin life-cycles, and build custom tooling.
Instrumentation
| Name | Status | Description |
|---|---|---|
| tapable-tracer | ![tapable-tracer-npm] | Traces tapable hook execution in real-time and collects structured stack frames. Can export to UML for generating visualizations. |
[tapable-tracer-npm]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/tapable-tracer.svg
Contributing
We want contributing to webpack to be fun, enjoyable, and educational for anyone, and everyone.* We have a vibrant ecosystem that spans beyond this single repo. We welcome you to check out any of the repositories in our organization or webpack-contrib organization which houses all of our loaders and plugins.
Contributions go far beyond pull requests and commits. Although we love giving you the opportunity to put your stamp on webpack, we also are thrilled to receive a variety of other contributions including:
- Documentation updates, enhancements, designs, or bugfixes
- Spelling or grammar fixes
- README.md corrections or redesigns
- Adding unit, or functional tests
- Triaging GitHub issues -- especially determining whether an issue still persists or is reproducible.
- Searching #webpack on twitter and helping someone else who needs help
- Teaching others how to contribute to one of the many webpack's repos!
- Blogging, speaking about, or creating tutorials about one of webpack's many features.
- Helping others in our webpack gitter channel.
- The Contributor's Guide to webpack
To get started have a look at our documentation on contributing.
Creating your own plugins and loaders
If you create a loader or plugin, we would <3 for you to open source it, and put it on npm. We follow the x-loader, x-webpack-plugin naming convention.
Support
We consider webpack to be a low-level tool used not only individually but also layered beneath other awesome tools. Because of its flexibility, webpack isn't always the _easiest_ entry-level solution, however we do believe it is the most powerful. That said, we're always looking for ways to improve and simplify the tool without compromising functionality. If you have any ideas on ways to accomplish this, we're all ears!
If you're just getting started, take a look at our new docs and concepts page. This has a high level overview that is great for beginners!!
If you have discovered a 🐜 or have a feature suggestion, feel free to create an issue on GitHub.
Current project members
For information about the governance of the webpack project, see GOVERNANCE.md.
TSC (Technical Steering Committee)
Alexander Akait* <<sheo13666q@gmail.com>> (he/him)
Aviv Keller* <<me@aviv.sh>> (he/him)
Even Stensberg* <<evenstensberg@gmail.com>> (he/him)
- ovflowd -
Claudio Wunder* <<cwunder@gnome.org>> (he/they)
Sean Larkin* <<selarkin@microsoft.com>> (he/him)
Maintenance
This webpack repository is maintained by the <code class="ra0-md-code">Core Working Group</code>.
Sponsoring
Most of the core team members, webpack contributors and contributors in the ecosystem do this open source work in their free time. If you use webpack for a serious task, and you'd like us to invest more time on it, please donate. This project increases your income/productivity too. It makes development and applications faster and it reduces the required bandwidth.
This is how we use the donations:
- Allow the core team to work on webpack
- Thank contributors if they invested a large amount of time in contributing
- Support projects in the ecosystem that are of great value for users
- Support projects that are voted most (work in progress)
- Infrastructure cost
- Fees for money handling
Premium Partners
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<a href="https://www.ag-grid.com/?utm_source=webpack&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=sponsorship" target="_blank"><img align="center" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/webpack/media/2b399d58/horiz-banner-ad-ag-grid.png">
</a>
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Other Backers and Sponsors
Before we started using OpenCollective, donations were made anonymously. Now that we have made the switch, we would like to acknowledge these sponsors (and the ones who continue to donate using OpenCollective). If we've missed someone, please send us a PR, and we'll add you to this list.
<div align="center">
<a href="https://angular.io/" target="_blank" title="JS framework">Angular</a>
<a href="https://moonmail.io" target="_blank" title="Email Marketing Software">MoonMail</a>
<a href="https://monei.net" target="_blank" title="Best payment gateway rates">MONEI</a>
</div>
Gold Sponsors
Become a gold sponsor and get your logo on our README on GitHub with a link to your site.
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<a href="https://opencollective.com/webpack/sponsor/0/website?requireActive=false" target="_blank"><img width="150" src="https://opencollective.com/webpack/sponsor/0/avatar.svg?requireActive=false"></a>
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Silver Sponsors
Become a silver sponsor and get your logo on our README on GitHub with a link to your site.
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<a href="https://opencollective.com/webpack/sponsor/16/website?requireActive=false" target="_blank"><img width="120" src="https://opencollective.com/webpack/sponsor/16/avatar.svg?requireActive=false"></a>
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